Chronic stress can be defined as which of the following?

Chronic stress is characterized by prolonged exposure to stressors without adequate resolution. This ongoing nature can lead to various physical and psychological issues, as the body remains in a heightened state of alertness and preparation for challenges. When stress persists without relief, it can accumulate, contributing to feelings of anxiety, depression, and other health complications.

In contrast, short-term stress typically refers to immediate, situational stress that occurs in response to specific events, while stress associated with achievement may be perceived as positive and motivating rather than debilitating. A reaction to sudden change often describes acute stress rather than chronic stress, as it pertains to an immediate response to a new or unexpected situation. Therefore, the defining characteristic of chronic stress lies in its persistent nature without resolution, making the selected answer accurate.